You will learn

How to:

• Knows the main geophysical methods used in exploration, their applications and their limitations.
• Understands the basic concepts of seismic wave propagation, reflection, diffraction and refraction.
• Knows in broad terms how 3D seismic land-and marine data is acquired. Knows in broad terms how seismic data is processed.
• Knows how seismic data can be linked to geology by using well data.
• Knows how seismic data can be converted from time to depth.
• Knows how 2D-seismic data is interpreted and how horizon maps are made.
• Knows how 3D-seismic data is interpreted and how horizon maps are produced.

Content

Introduction to Geophysics

• The Objective.
• The Limitations.
• Inversion of Data.
• The Importance of Different Survey Methods
• The Gravity Method
• The Magnetic Method
• The Basic Seismic System
• The Seismic Objective

Seismic Waves

• Reflections
• Diffractions
• Refractions
• Ground-Roll
• Multiples
• Reflection Coefficient
• … Various small exercises

Data Acquisition

• Seismic Sources
• Seismic Receivers
• Seismic Spreads
• Key Parameters in 3D-Seismic Acquisition
• … Video on Land and Marine Acquisition

Data Processing

• Processing Objective
• Main Processing Steps

The Link between Seismic and Well Information

• Overview Well Calibration
• Well Shoot
• Sonic and Density Logs
• Synthetic Seismograms
• … Exercises on well calibration

Time to Depth Conversion

• Overview Depth Conversion
• Velocity Information
• Depth Conversion Methods
• Limitations of the Various Methods
• … Exercises on depth conversion

2D-Seismic Interpretation

• The Seismic Interpretation Objective
• Identification and Interpretation of Geologic Horizons
• How to Create a Horizon Map?
• Fault Interpretation
• Practical Interpretation Exercises of 2 Horizons

3D-Seismic Interpretation

• The Difference between 2D-and 3D-Seismic Interpretation Methods
• Interpretation Principles of 3D-Seismic data
• The use of Time Slices
• Fault Interpretation in 3D-Seismic
• Practical Interpretation Exercises of 2 Horizons
• The Extraction and the Use of Seismic Attributes
• Case History on a Full-Scale 3D-Seismic Interpretation

Software applications:

• Microsoft Office

Text and consulting books:

• Brown A., 1999: Interpretation of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data: AAPG Memoir 42, Fifth Edition, ISBN 0-89181-352-7
• Labo J., 1992: A Practical Introduction to Borehole Geophysics: Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa Oklahoma, ISBN 0-931830-39-7
• McQuillin R., Bacon M., Barclay W., 1984: An Introduction to Seismic Interpretation: Graham & Trotman Ltd., ISBN 0-86010­496-6
• Schlumberger 1991: Log Interpretation Principles/Applications: Schlumberger Educational Services, Houston, Texas, Order No. SMP-7017
• Sheriff R.E., 1991: Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics, Third Edition: Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa Oklahoma, ISBN 1-56080-018-6
• Stone D. G., 1994: Designing Seismic Surveys in Two and Three Dimensions: Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa Oklahoma, ISBN 1-56080-073-9
• Yilmaz 0.,1987: Seismic Data Processing: Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa Oklahoma, ISBN 0-931830-40-09